Blood Pressure Medication: What You Need to Know

High blood pressure is common, and the good news is there are many medications that work well. If you or someone you care for is starting treatment, this page gives clear, useful info on the main drug types, what side effects to watch for, and simple tips to make meds more effective.

Main drug classes and what they do

Here are the usual groups doctors use. Each works slightly differently, so your doctor picks one based on your health, age, and other meds you take.

Diuretics ("water pills") — Help your body get rid of extra salt and water. Often the first choice. Common side effects: increased urination, low potassium (depending on type).

ACE inhibitors — Lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. Good for people with diabetes or kidney issues. Watch for a dry cough and rising potassium.

ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) — Similar to ACE inhibitors but less likely to cause cough. Same pregnancy warning: avoid during pregnancy.

Calcium channel blockers — Relax blood vessels and slow the heart slightly. Some can cause swelling in the feet or constipation. Avoid grapefruit with some of these drugs.

Beta blockers — Slow your heart and reduce workload. Often used when there’s heart disease. They can cause tiredness or slow heart rate, so talk with your doctor if you feel dizzy.

Practical tips for taking medication

Take meds at the same time every day. That makes it easier to remember and keeps levels steady. If you miss one dose, don’t double up—ask your doctor or pharmacist what to do for that specific drug.

Check your blood pressure at home. Aim to measure at the same time each day, sitting quietly, and use a validated cuff. Keep a log to share with your doctor—numbers matter more than how you feel.

Watch for interactions. Over-the-counter NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) can raise blood pressure or blunt effects of some meds. Combining ACE inhibitors or ARBs with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics can raise potassium too high. If you drink grapefruit juice regularly, mention that—some calcium channel blockers interact with it.

Certain meds aren’t safe in pregnancy (ACE inhibitors and ARBs), so tell your provider if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

Expect adjustments. Many people need two meds or a dose change to reach target BP. If you get side effects, don’t stop the drug suddenly—talk to your doctor. They can switch you to something better suited to your needs.

Lastly, lifestyle helps. Cutting salt, moving more, limiting alcohol, and losing a bit of weight often makes medications work better or lets you use lower doses.

Have questions about a specific drug or combination? Ask your pharmacist or doctor—they can explain what to expect and how to stay safe while getting your blood pressure under control.