Ciprofloxacin: what it treats and how to use it safely

Ciprofloxacin is a powerful antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone family. Doctors use it for many infections — certain urinary tract infections, complicated abdominal infections, some types of diarrhea, prostatitis, and specific respiratory or skin infections. It’s also one of the recommended drugs for anthrax exposure. But it’s not the right choice for every infection, and using it carelessly raises the risk of resistance and side effects.

How to take ciprofloxacin safely

Follow your prescriber’s instructions exactly. Typical adult dosing ranges from 250 mg to 750 mg taken twice daily, depending on the infection and its severity. For a simple UTI it might be 250–500 mg twice daily for 3 days, while more complicated infections often need higher doses and longer courses. Finish the full course even if you feel better — stopping early can let bacteria survive and become resistant.

Take ciprofloxacin with a full glass of water and stay hydrated. Avoid taking it at the same time as antacids, sucralfate, iron or calcium supplements, or multivitamins with minerals — these reduce absorption. Wait at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking those products. Dairy in normal meals usually isn’t a problem, but avoid high-calcium drinks (like large glasses of milk) right with the dose.

Side effects, risks, and what to watch for

Most people have mild side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or headache. But ciprofloxacin can cause serious problems in some cases. Key risks to know:

- Tendon pain or tendon rupture: if you feel sudden tendon pain (often Achilles), stop the drug and contact your doctor immediately. Older adults and those on steroids are at higher risk.

- Nerve effects: some people get peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness) or central nervous system effects like dizziness, confusion, or mood changes. Stop and seek advice if these happen.

- QT prolongation: ciprofloxacin can affect heart rhythm, especially with other QT-prolonging drugs or in people with existing heart issues.

- Photosensitivity: the skin can burn more easily — use sunscreen and avoid strong sun while on the drug.

Pregnancy and children: ciprofloxacin is usually avoided in pregnancy and in growing children unless no safer option exists, because of potential effects on cartilage.

Drug interactions you should mention to your doctor include warfarin (may increase bleeding risk), theophylline, and many heart or psychiatric medicines. Always tell the prescriber about all medicines, supplements, and medical conditions.

Before starting ciprofloxacin, ask whether a culture and sensitivity test is available. That helps pick the right antibiotic and avoids unnecessary use. If you develop alarming symptoms — severe diarrhea, joint or nerve pain, breathing problems, or signs of allergy — stop the medicine and get medical help right away.

Used correctly, ciprofloxacin can cure serious infections. Used without care, it can cause lasting harm and fuel resistance. Ask questions, follow dosing rules, and report side effects early — that’s the safest path to recovery.